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Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains

Successful germination and seedling establishment are crucial steps for maintenance and expansion of plant populations and recovery from perturbations. Every year the Amazon River and its tributaries overflow and flood the adjacent forest, exerting a strong selective pressure on traits related to se...

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Main Authors: Melo, Risolandia Bezerra de, Franco, Augusto César, Silva, Clovis Oliveira, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, Ferreira, Cristiane Silva
Format: Artigo
Language: Inglês
Published: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company 2017
Subjects:
Germinação
Amazônia
Sementes
Tropismo
Online Access: http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23820
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spelling ir-10482-238202021-04-07T13:52:29Z Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains Melo, Risolandia Bezerra de Franco, Augusto César Silva, Clovis Oliveira Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez Ferreira, Cristiane Silva Germinação Amazônia Sementes Tropismo Successful germination and seedling establishment are crucial steps for maintenance and expansion of plant populations and recovery from perturbations. Every year the Amazon River and its tributaries overflow and flood the adjacent forest, exerting a strong selective pressure on traits related to seedling recruitment. We examined seed characteristics, stored reserves, germination, seedling development and survival under water of eight representative tree species from the lower portions of the flood-level gradient to identify adaptive strategies that contribute to their regeneration in this extreme ecosystem. Submerged seedlings were assessed for longevity and survival until they showed symptoms of injury. At this point, the remaining healthy seedlings were planted in unsaturated soil to monitor recovery after re-exposure to air over 30 days. All small (seed mass ≤0.17 g) seeds had epigeal phanerocotylar-type germination, a trait that would allow plants to acquire light and CO2 in the shortest time. Cell wall storage polysaccharide was a major component of all seeds, suggesting plant investment in structural reserves. Seven of the eight species germinated and formed healthy seedlings under water that endured submersion without any apparent injury for periods of 20–115 days, depending on the species. Seedlings of some species changed the direction of root growth and grew towards the surface of the water, which might have increased the uptake of oxygen to the tissues. Only one of the seven species did not survive re-exposure to air. Species able to germinate and produce seedlings under submersion, which subsequently are able to establish in aerated soils, would have more time available for terrestrial growth. This is critical for colonization of lower portions of the flood-level gradient where establishment is constrained by the short terrestrial phase that precedes the next flood. 2017-07-15T13:12:31Z 2017-07-15T13:12:31Z 2015-04-28 Artigo MELO, Risolandia Bezerra de et al. Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains. AOB Plants, v. 7, p. plv041, 28 abr. 2015. Disponível em: <https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aobpla/plv041>. Acesso em: 6 jul. 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23820 Inglês Acesso Aberto © The Authors 2015 - This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. application/pdf Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company
institution REPOSITORIO UNB
collection REPOSITORIO UNB
language Inglês
topic Germinação
Amazônia
Sementes
Tropismo
spellingShingle Germinação
Amazônia
Sementes
Tropismo
Melo, Risolandia Bezerra de
Franco, Augusto César
Silva, Clovis Oliveira
Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez
Ferreira, Cristiane Silva
Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains
description Successful germination and seedling establishment are crucial steps for maintenance and expansion of plant populations and recovery from perturbations. Every year the Amazon River and its tributaries overflow and flood the adjacent forest, exerting a strong selective pressure on traits related to seedling recruitment. We examined seed characteristics, stored reserves, germination, seedling development and survival under water of eight representative tree species from the lower portions of the flood-level gradient to identify adaptive strategies that contribute to their regeneration in this extreme ecosystem. Submerged seedlings were assessed for longevity and survival until they showed symptoms of injury. At this point, the remaining healthy seedlings were planted in unsaturated soil to monitor recovery after re-exposure to air over 30 days. All small (seed mass ≤0.17 g) seeds had epigeal phanerocotylar-type germination, a trait that would allow plants to acquire light and CO2 in the shortest time. Cell wall storage polysaccharide was a major component of all seeds, suggesting plant investment in structural reserves. Seven of the eight species germinated and formed healthy seedlings under water that endured submersion without any apparent injury for periods of 20–115 days, depending on the species. Seedlings of some species changed the direction of root growth and grew towards the surface of the water, which might have increased the uptake of oxygen to the tissues. Only one of the seven species did not survive re-exposure to air. Species able to germinate and produce seedlings under submersion, which subsequently are able to establish in aerated soils, would have more time available for terrestrial growth. This is critical for colonization of lower portions of the flood-level gradient where establishment is constrained by the short terrestrial phase that precedes the next flood.
format Artigo
author Melo, Risolandia Bezerra de
Franco, Augusto César
Silva, Clovis Oliveira
Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez
Ferreira, Cristiane Silva
author_sort Melo, Risolandia Bezerra de
title Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains
title_short Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains
title_full Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains
title_fullStr Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains
title_full_unstemmed Seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the Central Amazonian floodplains
title_sort seed germination and seedling development in response to submergence in tree species of the central amazonian floodplains
publisher Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company
publishDate 2017
url http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23820
_version_ 1697760285660545024
score 13.657419

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