Wastewater-based epidemiology of cocaine in the Brazilian Federal District : spatial distribution, weekly variation and sample preservation strategies
The distribution of consumed cocaine in the Brazilian Federal District (FD) was estimated using the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach. Sewage samples from eight wastewater treatment plants were analyzed for cocaine (COC) and benzoylecgonine (BE) using solid-phase extraction followed by...
| Main Authors: | Sodré, Fernando Fabriz, Feitosa, Rafael S., Jardim, Wilson de Figueiredo, Maldaner, Adriano Otávio |
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| Format: | Artigo |
| Language: | Inglês |
| Published: |
Sociedade Brasileira de Química
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/33940 http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180105 |
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| Summary: |
The distribution of consumed cocaine in the Brazilian Federal District (FD) was estimated
using the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach. Sewage samples from eight wastewater
treatment plants were analyzed for cocaine (COC) and benzoylecgonine (BE) using solid-phase
extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The highest per capita
consumption was noticed for the northern area of the Brazilian Capital (1162 mg day-1 1000 inh‑1)
being 32% higher than the average consumption rate of the investigated region. In this area, a
day-to-day investigation revealed an average cocaine consumption of 1800 mg day-1 1000 inh-1
during the weekend, i.e., more than 50% higher than weekdays. An annual street-grade cocaine
load of about 2 ton was estimated for the FD considering previous information on the actual purity
of seized street drugs as well as consumers between 15 and 64 years old. Sample preservation
strategies were also investigated in order to expand the WBE approach to other Brazilian areas.
Sample acidification to pH 2.0 presented the smallest relative errors for COC (+11%) and BE
(−4%) after a period of three days under typical transport conditions practiced by the Brazilian
national postal service. |
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