Three essays in urban economics
The objective of this thesis is to study some issues related to the Brazilian urban environment. In the first chapter the aim identify and to measure the external returns to human capital in Brazil using information from the Ministry of Labor’s Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) on all urban ag...
| Main Author: | MOURA, Klebson Humberto de Lucena |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | SILVEIRA NETO, Raul da Mota |
| Format: | doctoralThesis |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
2019
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29739 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| id |
ir-123456789-29739 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
dspace |
| spelling |
ir-123456789-297392019-03-19T05:05:01Z Three essays in urban economics Três ensaios em economia urbana MOURA, Klebson Humberto de Lucena SILVEIRA NETO, Raul da Mota http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278414522078224 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3921888911294306 Capital Humano Externalidade. Moradia The objective of this thesis is to study some issues related to the Brazilian urban environment. In the first chapter the aim identify and to measure the external returns to human capital in Brazil using information from the Ministry of Labor’s Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) on all urban agglomeration in the country for the period 2002-2014. With a two step estimation and using instrumental variables for identification we find a considerable effect of local human capital concentration on local wages. The set of results indicates that, in the case of brazilian labor market areas, the external returns to human capital are a 0.86% increase in local wages for an increase of one percentage point in college graduates. Consistent with theoretical expectations and similar to literature results, we also found that the impact of local human capital is stronger for unskilled than for skilled workers. Finally, results are robust and not equally distributed across sectors; On the second chapter we analyze the influence of exposure to public spaces on victimization using a large nationally representative cross-section sample of Brazilian individuals for 2009, using propensity score matching techniques to create counterfactuals, performing robustness checks and implementing a simulation-based sensitivity analysis that support a causal interpretation of the results. We find that individuals with more than one hour of commuting have an overall 2.1% increase in the probability of being victim of robbery, with no robust impact on theft. Also, following the exposure literature we find larger effect on the probability of robbery victimization on women when compared with men, 2.5% and 2.2% respectively; Finally, in the last chapter, presents an evaluation of the impact of the housing financing for Brazilian families in commuting time. With the use of PNAD 2014 information and a strategy based on Propensity Score Matching and sensitivity analysis, the results indicate that housing financing increases the probability of the beneficiaries having larger commuting time. However, this effect is concentrated in lower income families living in non-metropolitan urban areas. CNPq O objetivo desta tese é estudar algumas questões relacionadas ao ambiente urbano brasileiro. No primeiro capítulo procura-se identificar e medir os retornos externos ao capital humano no Brasil, utilizando informações do Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) do Ministério do Trabalho sobre todas as aglomerações urbanas do país para o período 2002-2014. Com uma estimativa de duas etapas e usando variáveis instrumentais para identificação, encontramos um efeito considerável da concentração de capital humano local nos salários locais. O conjunto de resultados indica que, no caso das áreas de mercado de trabalho brasileiro, os retornos externos ao capital humano são da ordem de 0,86% nos salários locais para um aumento de um ponto percentual nos graduados da faculdade. Em consonância com as expectativas teóricas os resultados são semelhantes aos encontrados na literatura pertinente, além disso, o impacto do capital humano local é mais forte para trabalhadores não qualificados do que para trabalhadores qualificados. Os resultados são robustos e não igualmente distribuídos entre os setores de trabalho; No segundo capítulo, analisamos a influência da exposição aos espaços públicos sobre a vitimização usando uma grande amostra representativa nacional de indivíduos brasileiros para 2009, usando técnicas de correspondência de propensão para criar contrafactuais, realizando verificações de robustez e implementando uma análise de sensibilidade baseada em simulação que suportam uma interpretação causal dos resultados. Os resultados indicam que os indivíduos com mais de uma hora de deslocamento têm um aumento global de 2.1% na probabilidade de ser vítima de roubo, sem impacto robusto no furto. Além disso, seguindo a literatura de exposição, encontramos maior efeito sobre a probabilidade de vitimização por roubo em mulheres quando comparado com homens, 2,5% e 2,2%, respectivamente; Finalmente, no último capítulo, apresentamos uma avaliação do impacto do financiamento habitacional para famílias brasileiras no tempo de deslocamento de casa ao trabalho (commuting). Com o uso de informações da PNAD 2014 e uma estratégia com base em Propensity Score Matching e análise de sensibilidade, os resultados indicam que o financiamento habitacional acarreta em aumento na probabilidade dos beneficiários em apresentar maior tempo de deslocamento dos chefes de família. Entretanto, este efeito se concentra em famílias de menor renda residentes em áreas urbanas não-metropolitanas. 2019-03-18T17:53:42Z 2019-03-18T17:53:42Z 2018-02-28 doctoralThesis https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29739 eng openAccess Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE Brasil Programa de Pos Graduacao em Economia |
| institution |
REPOSITORIO UFPE |
| collection |
REPOSITORIO UFPE |
| language |
eng |
| topic |
Capital Humano Externalidade. Moradia |
| spellingShingle |
Capital Humano Externalidade. Moradia MOURA, Klebson Humberto de Lucena Three essays in urban economics |
| description |
The objective of this thesis is to study some issues related to the Brazilian urban environment. In the first chapter the aim identify and to measure the external returns to human capital in Brazil using information from the Ministry of Labor’s Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) on all urban agglomeration in the country for the period 2002-2014. With a two step estimation and using instrumental variables for identification we find a considerable effect of local human capital concentration on local wages. The set of results indicates that, in the case of brazilian labor market areas, the external returns to human capital are a 0.86% increase in local wages for an increase of one percentage point in college graduates. Consistent with theoretical expectations and similar to literature results, we also found that the impact of local human capital is stronger for unskilled than for skilled workers. Finally, results are robust and not equally distributed across sectors; On the second chapter we analyze the influence of exposure to public spaces on victimization using a large nationally representative cross-section sample of Brazilian individuals for 2009, using propensity score matching techniques to create counterfactuals, performing robustness checks and implementing a simulation-based sensitivity analysis that support a causal interpretation of the results. We find that individuals with more than one hour of commuting have an overall 2.1% increase in the probability of being victim of robbery, with no robust impact on theft. Also, following the exposure literature we find larger effect on the probability of robbery victimization on women when compared with men, 2.5% and 2.2% respectively; Finally, in the last chapter, presents an evaluation of the impact of the housing financing for Brazilian families in commuting time. With the use of PNAD 2014 information and a strategy based on Propensity Score Matching and sensitivity analysis, the results indicate that housing financing increases the probability of the beneficiaries having larger commuting time. However, this effect is concentrated in lower income families living in non-metropolitan urban areas. |
| author2 |
SILVEIRA NETO, Raul da Mota |
| format |
doctoralThesis |
| author |
MOURA, Klebson Humberto de Lucena |
| author_sort |
MOURA, Klebson Humberto de Lucena |
| title |
Three essays in urban economics |
| title_short |
Three essays in urban economics |
| title_full |
Three essays in urban economics |
| title_fullStr |
Three essays in urban economics |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Three essays in urban economics |
| title_sort |
three essays in urban economics |
| publisher |
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| url |
https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29739 |
| _version_ |
1641987423519899648 |
| score |
13.657419 |